Changes between Version 9 and Version 10 of S3/S3Model

Timestamp:

01/16/14 13:33:23 (11 years ago)

Author:

Dominic König

Comment:

--

S3/S3Model

@@ -18 +18 @@
 Data models can be implemented as subclasses of S3Model, and then loaded on demand - with automatic resolution of cross-model dependencies. This saves processing time as it will always only load those models which are actually needed to process the request.
 
+== Defining Models ==
+
+=== Modules ===
+
+S3 data models reside in {{{modules/s3db}}}.
+
+The file name of each ''Python module'' in {{{modules/s3db}}} corresponds to the ''Eden module'' prefix. All names with this prefix will be looked up from this file.
+
+ '''Example:'''
+
+  - ''Tablename'': org_office => ''Module Prefix'': "org" => ''Looked up from'': modules/s3db/org.py
+
+All S3 data models need to be imported in models/00_tables.py:
+
+{{{#!python
+import s3db.assess
+import s3db.asset
+import s3db.auth
+import s3db.cap
+...
+}}}
+
+Every Python module in modules/s3db must have an {{{__all__}}} statement declaring the classes and functions to be imported:
+
+{{{#!python
+__all__ = ["S3DeploymentModel",
+           "S3DeploymentAlertModel",
+           "deploy_rheader",
+           "deploy_apply",
+           "deploy_alert_select_recipients",
+           "deploy_response_select_mission",
+           ]
+}}}
+
+ '''Important:''' Undeclared classes or functions are not available to the model loader!
+
+All names in {{{__all__}}} starting with the module prefix (e.g. {{{deploy_}}}) can be accessed globally with {{{current.s3db.<name>}}} (e.g. {{{current.s3db.deploy_apply}}}), without need to import them explicitly.
+
+=== Model Classes ===
+
+Every data model is defined as a subclass of S3Model:
+
+{{{#!python
+class S3DeploymentModel(S3Model):
+}}}
+
+==== Names ====
+
+All names from the model which shall be globally accessible (i.e. tables, functions, variables, classes) must be declared in the names-variable:
+
+{{{#!python
+class S3DeploymentModel(S3Model):
+
+    names = ["deploy_event_type",
+             "deploy_mission",
+             "deploy_mission_id",
+             "deploy_mission_document",
+             "deploy_application",
+             "deploy_assignment",
+             "deploy_assignment_appraisal",
+             "deploy_assignment_experience",
+             ]
+}}}
+
+These names can then be accessed via {{{current.s3db.<name>}}} (e.g. {{{current.s3db.deploy_mission_id}}}).
+
+  '''Important:''' All table names and names which are returned from a model class '''must''' use the module prefix (otherwise they can't be found).
+
+==== model() function ====
+
+Every {{{S3Model}}} subclass '''must''' implement the model() function. This function defines all tables, functions and variables of the model:
+
+{{{#!python
+class S3DeploymentModel(S3Model):
+
+    ...
+
+    def model(self):
+
+}}}
+
+To define a table, the model() function must use {{{self.define_table}}} (instead of {{{current.db.define_table}}}):
+
+{{{#!python
+    def model(self):
+
+        tablename = "deploy_mission"
+        table = self.define_table(tablename,
+                                  ...)
+}}}
+
+The model function '''must''' return a dict with the definitions of all names as declared in the {{{names}}} class-variable ('''except''' table names):
+
+{{{#!python
+class MyModel(S3Model):
+
+    names = ["my_function", "my_variable"]
+
+    def model(self):
+
+        my_variable = "example"
+
+        return dict(my_own_function = self.my_function
+                    my_variable = my_variable
+                   )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def my function():
+
+      ...
+      return
+
+}}}
+
+Ideally, custom functions in model classes which are returned from model() should be declared @staticmethod or @classmethod to allow the instance to be garbage-collected (i.e. release the thread-global pointer to the instance from current.s3db). 
+
+==== defaults() function ====
+
+Every model class ''should'' define a {{{defaults()}}} function which returns safe defaults for the declared names in case the Eden module has been disabled per deployment-settings.
+
+This is particularly important for re-usable fields holding foreign keys to tables defined in this model:
+
+{{{#!python
+class S3DeploymentModel(S3Model):
+
+    names = [...
+             "deploy_mission_id",
+             ]
+
+    def model(self):
+
+        ...
+
+        mission_id = S3ReusableField("mission_id", table,
+                                     ...
+                                     )
+
+        return dict(deploy_mission_id = mission_id)
+
+    def defaults(self):
+
+        # Module disabled, define a safe default for "mission_id":
+        mission_id = S3ReusableField("mission_id", "integer", readable=False, writable=False)
+        return dict(deploy_mission_id = mission_id)
+}}}
+
+
+==== Utility functions ====
+
+The {{{S3Model}}} base class implements a number of useful helper functions to implement models, among others:
+
+- {{{super_entity}}} and {{{super_link}}} to define or reference super entities
+- {{{add_component}}} to define resource components
+- {{{configure}}} to define table configuration settings
+
+These functions should not be overwritten in the subclass.
+
 == Concepts ==