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Amazon EC2
Table of Contents
Amazon's Cloud provides a flexible platform to deploy Eden scalably.
The costs aren't fixed & can be difficult to predict, despite their calculator, but are competitive, especially in Singapore, which is a good base for the Asia Pacific region.
Regions & Zones
Amazon supports multiple Regions in order to provide a service closest to your users.
- Namespaces of Instances, Volumnes & Snapshots are unique only within a Region.
- Within each Region, there are a couple of Availability Zones to allow spreading the risk across different facilities.
- Volumes are located within a specific Availability Zone
- Bandwidth transfers are free within an Availability Zone
Instance Size
- The free starter 'micro' instance is flexible as it can run both 32-bit & 64-bit Operating Systems.
- The normal production 'small' instance can only run 32-bit.
- Larger production instances can only run 64-bit, so can't have the exact same image used.
- The community Debian Squeeze AMI seems a fine base & attached scripts turn this into an Eden instance
Instance Persistence
- EBS-backed instances have persistent storage even whilst powered down, which is very useful.
- For DB I/O performance increase can stripe multiple EBS
- monitoring data available to see if this is the issue
- For DB I/O performance increase can stripe multiple EBS
- Each time you start an instance up, it will be assigned a new IP ('Public DNS') although this can be overcome using an Elastic IP
- Remember to set up Reverse DNS for your Elastic IP to be able to send emails reliably: https://aws-portal.amazon.com/gp/aws/html-forms-controller/contactus/ec2-email-limit-rdns-request
Authentication
SSH
This can provide an early stumbling block.
- Each instance created needs to start with a unique SSH keypair
- When setting up an instance, be sure to safely download the private key.
- In order to get the public key (needed by SecureCRT for instance) then you need to login using CLI & retrieve it:
ssh -l root -i private.pem <hostname> cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
SecureCRT needs the private key storing as <filename> & the public as <filename.pub> (all on one line)
SSH will also need to be enabled in your Firewall policy (restrict the IP source, if possible)
Using Sahana Eden prebuilt AMIs
You will find a prebuilt instance of Sahana Eden in some zones [Current us-west], that can help you in quickly setting up an instance.
- Search for "Sahana Eden" in the AMI's section.
- Launch the instance.
- SSH into the instance by following the steps mentioned in the section above.
- run configure-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh to configure the instance.
./configure-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh
- The disk space on the pre-built AMIs is 1GB - Instructions to grow the disk are given below.
- You can add swap from a swap file :
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile1 bs=1024 count=524288 mkswap /swapfile1 chown root:root /swapfile1 chmod 0600 /swapfile1 swapon /swapfile1
Make this persistent across reboots by adding the following to your /etc/fstab
/swapfile1 swap swap defaults 0 0
Building AMIs for easier deployment
If your region doesn't yet have a Sahana AMI in, then it is easy to create one which allows easier deployment of future instances for both you & others. The only cost to you is a small amount of time to publish it & then using up your 1Gb Snapshot allowance within the free tier.
- Choose a debian AMI in your desired ZONE with 1 GB of EBS storage [This enables AMI registration in AWS free tier.]
- Launch the instance.
- Copy the installation and configuration scripts -> install-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh and configure-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh into the launched instance.
wget http://eden.sahanafoundation.org/raw-attachment/wiki/InstallationGuidelines/Linux/Server/CherokeePostgreSQL/install-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh chmod a+x install-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh wget http://eden.sahanafoundation.org/raw-attachment/wiki/InstallationGuidelines/Linux/Server/CherokeePostgreSQL/configure-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh chmod a+x configure-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh
- Run the install-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh script and delete it. [Note: This step takes about 10min - grab a coffee]
./install-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh rm install-eden-cherokee-postgis.sh
- Shutdown the EBS instance.
shutdown -h now
- Go to your aws console for the current region at | EC2 Console
- Select the debian instance you just prepared in the "Instances"
- Select " Create Image (EBS AMI) " in the "Instance Actions" drop down.
- Choose a Image name - Lets say - "Sahana Eden" and fill in a description.
- Click "Create this Image"
- Go to the "AMIS" menu and select "Owned by me" and "All Platforms" in the Viewing dropdown.
- Wait for about 5 minutes and hit refresh for the AMI you just built to appear.
- Select the AMI and click the Permissions button - Select public, to make the image public.
CLI
To use any of the AWS CLI tools on your own machine to remotely manage instances, then you need to generate a unique X.509 Certificate per account. This can be done from the 'Security Credentials' page within your account.
CLI Management
There are extensive CLI tools available to manipulate your instances.
- Java CLI for Windows/Linux
- Python: http://libcloud.apache.org
Growing Storage
1Gb EBS is too small for Eden - need to grow to 3Gb, which is still within the 10Gb free tier
# Settings for Instance set EC2_URL=https://ec2.us-east-1.amazonaws.com set ZONE=us-east-1c set DEV=i-950895f1 set OLD=vol-31f5a35d # Stop Host ec2stop %DEV% # Create a snapshot ec2-create-snapshot %OLD% # Record the snapshot ID set SNAPSHOT=snap-63f89d08 # Create new volume from snapshot ec2-create-volume -z %ZONE% --size 3 --snapshot %SNAPSHOT% # Record the new Volume ID set NEW=vol-a9c2a3c4 # Delete Snapshot (if no data in yet) ec2-delete-snapshot %SNAPSHOT% # Attach new volume as secondary ec2-attach-volume -i %DEV% %NEW% -d /dev/sdb1 # Start Host ec2start %DEV% # Re-attach the Public IP # Login mkdir /mnt/data echo '/dev/xvdb1 /mnt/data ext3 defaults,noatime 0 0' >> /etc/fstab mount /mnt/data resize2fs /dev/xvdb1 umount /mnt/data # Stop Host ec2stop %DEV% # Unattach volumes ec2-detach-volume -i %DEV% %OLD% ec2-detach-volume -i %DEV% %NEW% # Attach volume as boot ec2-attach-volume -i %DEV% %NEW% -d /dev/sda1 # Attach old volume for /var/log ec2-attach-volume -i %DEV% %OLD% -d /dev/sdb1 # OR Delete old volume #ec2-delete-volume %OLD% # Start Host ec2start %DEV% # Re-attach the Public IP # Login df -h # Use the old partition for /var/log (to avoid DoS) vi /etc/fstab /dev/xvdb1 /var/log ext3 noatime 0 0 mv /var/log /var/log_old mkdir /var/log mount /var/log mv /var/log_old/* /var/log rm -rf /var/log/bin/ rm -rf /var/log/boot/ rm -rf /var/log/dev/ rm -rf /var/log/etc/ rm -rf /var/log/home/ rm -rf /var/log/initrd.img rm -rf /var/log/lib/ rm -rf /var/log/mnt/ rm -rf /var/log/media/ rm -rf /var/log/opt/ rm -rf /var/log/proc/ rm -rf /var/log/root/ rm -rf /var/log/sbin/ rm -rf /var/log/selinux/ rm -rf /var/log/srv/ rm -rf /var/log/tmp/ rm -rf /var/log/usr/ rm -rf /var/log/var/ rm -rf /var/log/vmlinuz rm -rf /var/log_old
Keep Templates as EBS Volumes as this is cheaper than Snapshots
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